Paleolithic Period


 
 
Concept Explanation
 

 Paleolithic Period

  • The earliest period of the Stone Age is known as the Paleolithic Period.
  • First in India, in 1863, Robert Bruce Foote obtained stone-building evidence from Pallavaram (Madras). Whereas in 1935, De Terra and Peterson discovered important stone tools from the Shivalik hills.
  • The Paleolithic Period is divided into three parts: the Lower Paleolithic Period, the Middle Paleolithic Period, Upper Paleolithic period.
  • (i) Lower - Paleolithic Period

  • Stone tools of this period have been obtained from Sohan River Valley (Punjab Province of Pakistan), Singrauli Valley (U.P.). Chhotanagpur, Narmada Valley and all over India (except Sindh and Kerala).
  • The main tools of this period were-hand axes, cleavers, choppers, scrappers etc
  • This period is called Sohan Culture, Chopper- chopping Pebble Culture and Hand-axe Culture.
  • Apart from tools, fossils of elephant, wild buffalo, wild bull, hippopotamus etc. have also been found of this.
  • Human beings of this period used to hunt animal living like animals in the caves.
  • A human skull found from a village named Hathnora in the Narmada Valley is the oldest remains of ever found in India.
  • (ii) Middle-Paleolithic Period:

  • Evidence of the existence of humans has been found almost all the provinces of India except Sindh (Pakistan) Kerala and Nepal during this period.
  • Nevasa (Maharashtra), Didwana (Rajasthan), Bhimbetka, Narmada Valley, Purulia (West Bengaals -Tungabhadra river valley are the main sites of the period
  • The main tools of this period were borers, scraper etc.
  • More than 200 rocky caves at Bhimbetka are the evidence of people living in this period.
  • This was the era of Neanderthal humans. Neanderthals are an extinct species or subspecies of archaic humans who lived in Eurasia until about 40,000 years ago. While the cause of their extinction remains “highly contested, ” demographic factors like small population size, inbreeding, and random fluctuations are considered likely factors.
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    Sample Questions
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    Question : 1

    Who discovered the stone tools on Shivalik hills ?

    Right Option : D
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    Explanation
    Question : 2

    Which of the following is the main site of Middle Paleolithic Period ?

    Right Option : C
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    Explanation
    Question : 3

    A Homo erectus skull was found at one of the following sites ?

    Right Option : A
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    Explanation
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